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JAGUAR-JURUENA
Jaguar-Juruena is a conservation program
developed by Reserva Brasil researcher's to promote jaguar (Panthera onca) conservation
in Southern Amazon. This
program aims to identify the most
relevant aspects of the felid biology and local opinion for the
jaguar conservation in north of
Mato Grosso state, Brazil.The problems to protected jaguar in private lands are the deforestation, the conflicts with cattle ranchers, and the human intolerance to coexistence with the felid. These factors result in indiscriminate jaguar hunting. Extents and intact forests areas were situated in particular lands, which made the land owner the principal responsible to protect the jaguar. The North of the Mato Grosso state has a considerable extension of Amazon uplands. This kind of ecosystem are the most viable to support large terrestrial mammals. The Juruena basin has areas big enough to be refuge of the jaguar in private lands. The Nova Bandeirantes is one example of a town in the beginning of colonization that has a vast and continuous |
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News
Jaguar News N13 February 2008 Jaguar Conservation Fund |
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Figure
1. Image from Google Earth showing Nova Bandeirantes bondaries, in North of
Mato Grosso state (source: http://earth .google.com/).
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| Large cattle ranches are directly related to
jaguar conservation. Although farmers are responsible to open the forest for pasture and sometimes kill
jaguars, they also maintained vast and protected forests
areas. Many
kind of wild animals which live in these protected areas are potential
jaguar preys. Therefore,
protect big areas are not conservation guarantee. It is important to
control
the poacher’s activity. They could cause a negative impact on
wildlife
populations. The principal mammal species for jaguars which
are hunted by
humans are white-lipped and collared peccaries, red-brocket
deer’s, tapirs,
agoutis and armadillos. The colonists hunt mainly for food. Sometimes
they kill
jaguars when occurs attacks on livestock or when it came too much
closer to the
villages and properties. |
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| Figure 2. Skin of a
black-jaguar (Panthera
onca), young adult, male, 70kg, killed at ten o'clock
after attack a pig a few meters of the house.
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Figura
3. Skin of a female jaguar, killed because was walking too much
closer to the property.
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| Jaguar-Juruena
Program is composed by four components: evaluation of
ecology population, conflict with humans caused by cattle depredation,
prey abundance and hunting jaguar preys. We aim to identify the most
relevant aspects relationship with jaguar conservation. |
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 Ecology populationWe are
evaluating the jaguar relative abundance. The abundance are being
evaluated in big farms and
rural
settlements. The abundance will be measure using an index of density
recording
number of signs of jaguar per
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| Figure
4. Researcher taking jaguar tracks measures. |
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| Scouting
cameras are being installed to identify jaguars by their lateral marks.
Each jaguar has an unique lateral mark, which can be used to photograph
identification. |
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| Figure 5. Installing a
scouting camera. |
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| Figure 6. Jaguar photographed by a scouting camera. | |||||||||||
 Conflicts with humansIn
this component we are investigating jaguar attacks on livestock at
farms and small ranches. The principal manager of livestock is
interviewed. We are recording all animals killed by jaguars in each
site. We will collect this data for the next two
years.
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| Figure
7. Heifer killed by jaguar. |
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| Video 1. Livestock depredation by Jaguar | |||||||||||
| Prey
abundance We are evaluating mammals population. We are doing line transects to estimate abundance of principal jaguar prey. The transects are in protected forests and hunted forests. Mammals abundance are analysed by index of species viewed per 10 km walked. Hunting
preyWe are evaluating the hunting activity by rural colonist. We collected the skull of each mammal hunted to identify the specie and estimate biomass extracted. We are evaluating the age structure of peccaries population with emphasis on white-lipped peccary. We are also evaluating the niche sobreposition between jaguar and humans.  |
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| Figure
8. Checking mammal skulls hunted by colonists. |
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| Period: July/2007 to
August/2009 |
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| Francesca B. L. Palmeira and Cristiano T. Trinca | |||||||||||
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This Program is supported by: - WCS/Jaguar Conservation Small Grants Program - Idea Wild - People's Trust for Endangered Species |
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